How airway venous malformations differ from airway infantile hemangiomas.

OBJECTIVE To compare airway infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and venous malformations (VMs) clinically, radiographically, endoscopically, and histologically. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care pediatric hospital. PATIENTS The study included patients seen in the Vascular Anomaly Clinic, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, between 2001 and 2008. METHODS All patients with airway vascular anomalies were identified by searching the Vascular Anomaly Quality Improvement Database and hospital discharge data. The data, which were analyzed with descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test, included presenting age, sex, presenting signs, lesion site, and radiographic, endoscopic, and histologic findings.. RESULTS Seventeen patients with airway lesions were identified, 6 with VMs and 11 with IHs. Patients with VMs presented at a mean (SD) age of 11.3 (13.7) months (age range, 3-39 months), while those with IHs presented at 3 (1.8) months of age (age range, 1-6 months) (P = .03). The patients with IHs were predominantly female (9 of 11 [81%]), while no sex difference was noted among the patients with VMs (3 of 6 [50%]). All patients with IHs presented with stridor and cutaneous lesions, whereas patients with VMs more often presented with hemoptysis or dysphagia (P = .001). Computed tomographic angiograms demonstrated enhancing endolaryngeal lesions in all IHs, while VMs enhanced poorly. Endoscopically, IHs were transglottic, while VMs were postcricoid or epiglottic (P < .001). Histologically, immunostained lesions showed submucosal lobules of capillaries lined by GLUT-1 (glucose transporter isoform 1)-positive endothelium in IHs, whereas VMs consisted of loosely organized venous channels that lacked GLUT-1 staining. CONCLUSION Patients with airway IHs and VMs differ in presenting age and signs, sex, airway lesion location, enhancement on computed tomographic angiograms, and histologic appearance.